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Funded Project |
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Funding Program:
Enhancement Grants - Special Projects |
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Project Title:
Preliminary investigation of an integrated multiple-tactic strategy for managing stink bugs in soybean. |
Project Directors (PDs):
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Lead State: LA Lead Organization: Louisiana State University Agricultural Center |
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Cooperating State(s):
Virginia |
| Undesignated Funding: $25,000 |
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Start Date: Mar-01-2009 End Date: Feb-28-2010 |
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No-Cost Extension Date: May-31-2010 |
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Pests Involved: stink bugs |
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Site/Commodity: soybean |
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Area of Emphasis: IPM |
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Summary:
The proposed project "Preliminary investigation of an integrated multiple-tactic strategy for managing stink bugs in soybean" is seeking funding from the Southern Region IPM Enhancement Grants Program 2009: Part 2 (Seed Projects). As a preliminary research project, we plan to examine possible solutions to concerns raised by Pest Management Strategic Plans (PMSPs) for the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic field crops and vegetables. These concerns indicate the importance of developing new pest management plans for controlling stink bugs including testing alternative insecticides and cultural controls.
Stink bugs are economic pests of multiple crops including field crops, fruit trees and vegetables. They are considered to be a major pest of soybeans resulting in millions of dollars in economic damage a year. Currently, the stink bug complex in Louisiana consists of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L., the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), the green stink bug, Acrosternus hilare (Say), and the invasive and dominant red-banded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). The stink bug complex in Virginia consists primarily of E. servus and A. hilare. Historically, effective control of stink bugs has been primarily through the use of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. However, these insecticides negatively impact natural enemies which have lead to resurgences in other soybean pests. Additionally, the redbanded stink bug is tolerant of many available products for stink bug control on soybean and, consequently, insecticide applications have significantly increased. Alternative insecticides, such as Spinosad, can reduce impacts on non-target insects while controlling target pests. Spinosads selective quality as an insecticide and low mammalian toxicity may be appropriate for use in integrated pest management programs. In laboratory bioassays conducted from 2006-2008 the organic formulation of spinosad (Entrust, Dow AgroSciences LLC., Indianapolis, IN) was determined to be effective on the Hemipterans A. hilare and E. servus. Repellency trials also illustrated that the spinosad acted as an attractant to E. servus. Furthermore, feeding preference trials also found that E. servus and A. hilare choose to preferentially feed on Entrust treated tomatoes. An effective soybean IPM program will be necessary to reduce stink bug impacts while increasing productivity and reducing reliance on insecticides. This proposal is preliminary research to address the priorities that were developed through the PMSPs by beginning to investigate integrating multiple cultural control tactics to control stink bugs in two different stink bug complexes. These tactics include utilizing the apparent attractant properties of spinosad and trap crops to further aggregate stink bugs to field edges. Then, using site-specific insecticide applications reduce or eliminate further colonization of soybean fields by stink bugs, saving producers money in reduced applications while conserving natural enemies and practicing resistance management. Objectives: Objective 1. Evaluate the efficacy of an attract and kill strategy on stink bug distribution and density in soybean fields. The purpose of this objective is to use spinosad to concentrate stink bugs along field edges in order to slow field colonization and further concentrate stink bugs for site-specific targeting with insecticides. On-site farm trials will be conducted to evaluate spinosads stink bug attractant properties in two states (LA and VA) differing in stink bug species complex. Four commercial soybean fields (two in each state) that have yearly moderate to high stink bug pressure will be selected. Plots will be 150 by 150 and treatments will consist of an untreated check (UTC), an attractant (spinosad applied as Tracer), a kill (neonicotinoid + pyrethroid; Endigo) and an attract and kill (Tracer followed by Endigo). Treatments will be replicated three times in a RCB design. Stink bugs will be sampled weekly during early vegetative stages through R7 using a sweep net. Tracer applications will be made 16 along the edge at R2. When soybeans have reached R3, Endigo applications will be made. Stink bugs will then be sampled at four points from the sprayed edge to determine if field edge applications affected within field stink bug distribution and densities. Two rows from each section will be harvested for yield and evaluated for stink bug damage, seed germination and seed vigor. Seed will also be sent to a private laboratory to be evaluated for percent oil and percent protein content. Objective 2. Evaluate the efficacy of integrating multiple control strategies (trap crops, insecticides and attractants) to control stink bugs. Multiple control tactics will be evaluated to manage stink bug densities and distributions in two states (LA and VA) differing in stink bug species complex. Control tactics will include a trap crop, an attractant and an insecticide. Maturity group (MG) III surrounding a MG V soybean will be used as a trap crop to attract stink bugs. To enhance attractiveness of the MG III soybeans, spinosad (Tracer) will also be applied as the attractant. Finally, to insure that stink bug populations do not increase in the trap crop and move to the main crop, an insecticide will be used. Thus, the five treatments will include an UTC (MG V), trap crop (MG III), trap crop + spinosad, trap crop + insecticide (Endigo), and a trap crop + spinosad + insecticide. Plots will be 16 rows by 50 ft of MG V soybeans with 4 rows by 50 ft of MG III on either side, replicated four times in a RCB design. Stink bug densities will be evaluated in each plot by using a sweep net to take four 25 sweep samples per MG. Tracer applications will be made 16 along the edge of each plot at R2. Two rows from each MG will be harvested for yield and seed will be evaluated for stink bug damage, evaluated for seed germination and seed vigor. Seed will also be sent to a private laboratory to be evaluated for percent oil and percent protein content. |
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