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Funded Project |
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Funding Program:
Regional IPM Grants (S-RIPM) |
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Project Title:
Development and implementation of a web application in support of the Profile resistance management program |
Project Directors (PDs):
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Lead State: SC Lead Organization: Clemson University |
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Cooperating State(s):
Georgia |
| Undesignated Funding: $54,040 |
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Start Date: Apr-01-2010 End Date: Mar-31-2012 |
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Summary:
This is a joint research/extension project addressing a pressing need for peach producers; the need for fungicide resistance management in peach is well documented in the Pest Management Strategic Plant for Eastern Peaches (Horton et al. 2004). In the Southeast, fungicide resistance in the brown rot pathogen Monilinia fructicola of peach is currently managed by the recently implemented 'Profile' resistant management program. However, the program needs improvement to meet grower demands for timelier receipt of management recommendations. Our goal is to create a web application which will support the Profile resistance management program, providing real-time data processing and immediate recommendations for fungicide applications within the context of resistance management and optimum efficacy. Specific objectives are to (i) develop a web application that allows online data entry, data analysis, data transfer, and provides immediate profile-specific strategies to combat resistance, (ii) train South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina county agents and specialists in using the application, and (iii) expand the web application to also become a searchable and historical database of resistance development within M. fructicola populations throughout the Southeast. Capitalizing on the expertise of the principal investigators from Clemson University and the University of Georgia (UGA), the web application will be developed through the help of the Clemson University Computer Science Department. Expertise from this department will also be utilized in subsequent agent and producer training associated with the new online functions. The web application-supported Profile resistance monitoring program will enable growers to react to problems in a much timelier manner, which in turn will improve disease control and customer satisfaction. The web application will be developed as an expert system, providing bestmanagement recommendations based on the resistance management information and fungicide classes available for disease control. The Profile resistance management program is a multistate partnership involving South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina, but principle leadership for the development of the program has resided through collaborative efforts of Clemson and UGA. $18,510 are requested from Smith Lever funds (extension) and $35,530 from Act of Aug 4, 1965 (research) funds.
Objectives: Research: 1. Develop a web expert system application that allows online data entry, data analysis, data transfer, and provides immediate profile-specific strategies to combat resistance. Impact: Realtime responses to current field conditions will motivate growers and agents even more to use the kit, as an immediate response will be of more value. The greater utility of the kit will further reduce wasted fungicide applications, because the need for rescue sprays due to control failure will be eliminated. The economic benefit to the grower will be increased, because better brown rot control translates into more marketable fruit, fewer loads rejected and increased customer satisfaction. Extension: 2. Train South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina extension agents to use the application Impact: Training will: (i) raise awareness of the importance of determining resistance profiles, and (ii) develop confidence in the agents ability to provide a correct recommendation, which in turn will make them more valuable agents to their producer clientelle. 3. Expand the web application to also become a searchable database Impact: the searchable database will provide year- and location-specific information that may aid in the development of resistance management strategies. |
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Final Report: |
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Results From report submitted by the PI to USDA CRIS report system PROGRESS: 2010/07 TO 2011/06 OUTPUTS: We started developing a web application based on PHP and SQL background database. Visual observations from the 24-well plate or the lipbalm assays are entered into the web application together with information about the origin of the sample and spray history of the orchard (Fig. 2). The web application validates that all required information is entered and requests a final review of the data entered. Then a resistance factor (RF) is separately calculated for each chemical class (see details below). The location-specific portion of the final report is created by assembling pre-drafted resistance management recommendations for each fungicide and corresponding resistance category (no, low, moderate, and high). Upon completion of the location-specific portion, the final report is generated, displayed, and automatically e-mailed for review to the specialist in real time. The user of the web application can save the report in pdf format and instantly share it with the producer by e-mail attachment. To our knowledge, this is the first web application of its kind. The web application prototype for monitoring resistance in M. fructicola is currently located at www.peachdoc.com under Profile. The user will be asked to enter information in regard to the sample origin, nature of the sample (fruit rot or blossom blight), and same-year spray history of the orchard from which the sample was taken. Similar to the original data recording sheet that county agents and specialists had been using before, users can enter - (dash), + (plus), ++ (double plus), and +++ (triple plus) indicating no growth, less than 20% growth, up to 50% growth, and more than 50% growth, respectively, on disks/wells amended with a specific discriminatory dose of each fungicide. Any unusual observations can be entered as text directly next to each sample or into a separate text box. The program will accept a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 10 samples per location.After the data is entered by the user and processed by the web application, a report is prepared containing (i) a summary of the data entered, (ii) the calculated RF factor for each chemical class, (iii) the resistance category for each chemical class, and (iv) the corresponding disease control recommendation. The latter (iv) consists of an introduction indicating general guidelines for brown rot management, profile-specific recommendations, and finishing statements containing general considerations and a disclaimer. The disease control recommendations are managed and updated by the peach disease extension specialist in charge of the state in which participating producers reside. PARTICIPANTS: Computer Science students Karan Singh and Rohit Bath are developing the web application TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audience are commercial peach growers in the Southeastern United States. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. IMPACT: 2010/07 TO 2011/06 Below is an example of the location-specific portion of the final report. In this hypothetical case, resistance to propiconazole was detected. Units are kept in the United States customary system to maintain authenticity: "The RF value for propiconazole indicates high resistance to DMI fungicides: Due to the absence of effective alternatives, DMI fungicides should still be used for preharvest brown rot control. In contrast to the benzimidazoles, however, DMI fungicides still work well against DMI-resistant populations if the rate is increased. Use Elite 45DF, Indar 2F, Indar 75WSP, or their generics at double the normal rate (highest allowable label rate). For Elite that would be 8 oz/acre, for Indar 2F it would be 12 fl oz/acre, and for Indar 75WSP it would be 4 oz/acre (rates are state specific for Indar products; check to confirm that this rate is legal in your state). Do not use DMI fungicides more than once per season if possible (not during bloom and again if possible, only once during the pre-harvest season). The RF value for thiophanate-methyl indicates no resistance to MBC fungicides: Use a benzimidazole product (i.e. thiophanate-methyl) such as Topsin-M 70W or -WSB or Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG in combination with another material (such as captan) once a year either during bloom sprays or three weeks before harvest. Incorporating benzimidazoles into your disease management program, which are effective in the absence of resistance, will maximize the efficacy and longevity of the other chemistries you are using. Remember to always tank-mix thiophanate-methyl with a fungicide having a different mechanism of action, such as captan. The RF value for azoxystrobin indicates no resistance to QoI fungicides: Use Pristine 38WG or Abound during the preharvest season as recommended in the most current Southeastern Peach, Nectarine, and Plum Pest Management and Culture Guide. Use the high dose. Do not use respiration inhibitor fungicides (Pristine or Abound) more than once per season if possible (not during bloom and again if possible, only once during the pre-harvest season)." A web application devoted to the resistance monitoring program is being developed in an effort to accelerate communication transfer and thus further improve the service to producers. Web applications are extremely useful due to the ubiquity of web browsers and the ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers. The ability to update information for a web application also increases the utility of such programs, and in the case of resistance management, new fungicides or resistance conditions on the ground would require immediate changes to the recommendations. A web program gives maximum flexibility in restoring the integrity of the program when changes occur. |
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Outcomes N/A |
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Impacts From report submitted by the PI to USDA CRIS report system Below is an example of the location-specific portion of the final report. In this hypothetical case, resistance to propiconazole was detected. Units are kept in the United States customary system to maintain authenticity: "The RF value for propiconazole indicates high resistance to DMI fungicides: Due to the absence of effective alternatives, DMI fungicides should still be used for preharvest brown rot control. In contrast to the benzimidazoles, however, DMI fungicides still work well against DMI-resistant populations if the rate is increased. Use Elite 45DF, Indar 2F, Indar 75WSP, or their generics at double the normal rate (highest allowable label rate). For Elite that would be 8 oz/acre, for Indar 2F it would be 12 fl oz/acre, and for Indar 75WSP it would be 4 oz/acre (rates are state specific for Indar products; check to confirm that this rate is legal in your state). Do not use DMI fungicides more than once per season if possible (not during bloom and again if possible, only once during the pre-harvest season). The RF value for thiophanate-methyl indicates no resistance to MBC fungicides: Use a benzimidazole product (i.e. thiophanate-methyl) such as Topsin-M 70W or -WSB or Thiophanate Methyl 85WDG in combination with another material (such as captan) once a year either during bloom sprays or three weeks before harvest. Incorporating benzimidazoles into your disease management program, which are effective in the absence of resistance, will maximize the efficacy and longevity of the other chemistries you are using. Remember to always tank-mix thiophanate-methyl with a fungicide having a different mechanism of action, such as captan. The RF value for azoxystrobin indicates no resistance to QoI fungicides: Use Pristine 38WG or Abound during the preharvest season as recommended in the most current Southeastern Peach, Nectarine, and Plum Pest Management and Culture Guide. Use the high dose. Do not use respiration inhibitor fungicides (Pristine or Abound) more than once per season if possible (not during bloom and again if possible, only once during the pre-harvest season)." A web application devoted to the resistance monitoring program is being developed in an effort to accelerate communication transfer and thus further improve the service to producers. Web applications are extremely useful due to the ubiquity of web browsers and the ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers. The ability to update information for a web application also increases the utility of such programs, and in the case of resistance management, new fungicides or resistance conditions on the ground would require immediate changes to the recommendations. A web program gives maximum flexibility in restoring the integrity of the program when changes occur. |
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