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Funded Project |
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Funding Program:
Regional IPM Grants (S-RIPM) |
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Project Title:
Management of Cucumber Mosiac Virus and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Pepper and Tomato using Biological Preparations and Reflective Mulch |
Project Director (PD):
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Lead State: AL Lead Organization: Auburn University |
| Research Funding: $68,156 |
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Start Date: Aug-15-2003 End Date: Aug-14-2005 |
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Summary:
Not provided
Objectives: Not provided |
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Final Report: |
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Results PROGRESS: 2003/08 TO 2006/08 A study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effects of reflective plastic mulch and a commercially available biological control treatment to reduce the incidence and resulting disease-related yield losses caused by aphid-borne plant viruses in squash and the thrips-borne Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in pepper and tomato. SQUASH TRIALS For the Spring trial, there was no difference in WMV incidence among plants grown on black versus silver-on-black mulches (P < 0.05; although significantly less WMV occurred on silver-on-black mulch at P < 0.10). Similarly, no difference in WMV incidence occurred among squash plants treated with BioYieldTM versus the non-treated control (P < 0.05) and no mulch x plant treatment interaction occurred. Squash marketable yields, both number of fruit and weight, were significantly greater for plants grown on silver-on-black mulch than for plants grown on black mulch (P < 0.05). For both marketable fruit number and weight, there was no significant difference among plants treated with BioYieldTM versus the non-treated controls. The same trend occurred for total fruit number; however, total fruit weight did not differ among mulch or plant treatments. For the fall trial, significantly fewer squash plants grown on silver mulch were infected with WMV than on silver-on-black or black mulch (P < 0.05). No difference in WMV incidence was observed for plants treated with BioYieldTM versus those in the non-treated control treatment. All parameters for squash yield resulted in significantly greater yields for plants grown on silver-on-black mulch than the other mulches with no difference occurring for BioYieldTM versus non-treated control plants. PEPPER AND TOMATO TRIALS PEPPER In 2004, there was a significant plastic by BioYieldTM interaction (F1, 15= 5.79, P= 0.05) indicating that the effect of BioYieldTM on TSWV infection differed among plastic mulches. The BioYieldTM treatment had no effect on proportion of plants infected with TSWV when grown on black plastic mulch (0.22 + 0.05 vs 0.18 + 0.06; control vs BioYieldTM, respectively). In contrast, treatment of pepper plants with BioYieldTM and grown on highly reflective silver mulch resulted in a significantly higher incidence of TSWV than for non-treated control plants (0.10 + 0.07 versus 0.38 + 0.07; control vs BioYieldTM, respectively). For the 2005 trial, there was no effect of plastic mulch, BioYieldTM, or their interaction on TSWV incidence in pepper. TOMATO For the 2004 trial, there was no effect of plastic mulch, BioYieldTM, or their interaction on TSWV incidence in tomato. In the 2005 trial, there was a marginally significant effect of plastic mulch on virus incidence in tomato (F1, 15= 3.70, P= 0.10) with a 40% higher incidence of TSWV among plants grown on the silver mulch than among plants grown on the black mulch. There was a significant effect of treatment of tomato plants with BioYieldTM on TSWV incidence (F7, 15= 11.49, P= 0.0042). TSWV incidence was reduced among BioYieldTM treated plants by approximately 50% compared with non-treated controls (0.32 + 0.06 vs 0.17 + 0.05; control vs BioYieldTM, respectively). IMPACT: 2003/08 TO 2006/08 We evaluated the combined effects of reflective plastic mulch and a biocontrol treatment to reduce the incidence and resulting disease-related yield losses caused by the aphid-borne Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in squash and the thrips-borne Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in pepper and tomato. Squash plants grown on a highly reflective silver mulch had significantly less incidence of WMV. A silver-on-black mulch treatment led to greater squash fruit yields relative to the other mulch treatments. The biocontrol treatment, BioYieldTM, did not reduce virus incidence or result in an increase fruit yields relative to non-treated control plants. In contrast, pepper and tomato plants grown on highly reflective silver mulch did not have reduced incidence of the thrips-borne TSWV, in fact, a higher incidence of virus occurred for plants grown on this mulch. BioYieldTM treatment did not reduce TSWV incidence in pepper but did result in reduced TSWV incidence in tomato. In summay, highly reflective silver mulch reduced the aphid-borne virus WMV but not the thrips-borne virus TSWV. Whether this was due to the vector source, e.g., immediate vicinity or more distant, was not determined by may prove critical. The biocontrol treatment BioYieldTM did not reduce WMV incidence but did show promise with TSWV. Previous work suggested biocontrol was not effective against Potyviruses but was effective with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The effect on TSWV may be similar to that of CMV. These findings fit well with IPM practices and may be used to reduce pesticide applications. PUBLICATIONS (not previously reported): 2003/08 TO 2006/08 Murphy, J.F., and Eubanks, M.D. 2006. Integration of biological and plastic mulches to mantage Watermelon mosaic virus in squash. Cucurbitaceae Proceedings, pages 492-497. |
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Outcomes N/A |
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Impacts From report submitted by the PI to USDA CRIS report system We evaluated the combined effects of reflective plastic mulch and a biocontrol treatment to reduce the incidence and resulting disease-related yield losses caused by the aphid-borne Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in squash and the thrips-borne Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in pepper and tomato. Squash plants grown on a highly reflective silver mulch had significantly less incidence of WMV. A silver-on-black mulch treatment led to greater squash fruit yields relative to the other mulch treatments. The biocontrol treatment, BioYieldTM, did not reduce virus incidence or result in an increase fruit yields relative to non-treated control plants. In contrast, pepper and tomato plants grown on highly reflective silver mulch did not have reduced incidence of the thrips-borne TSWV, in fact, a higher incidence of virus occurred for plants grown on this mulch. BioYieldTM treatment did not reduce TSWV incidence in pepper but did result in reduced TSWV incidence in tomato. In summay, highly reflective silver mulch reduced the aphid-borne virus WMV but not the thrips-borne virus TSWV. Whether this was due to the vector source, e.g., immediate vicinity or more distant, was not determined by may prove critical. The biocontrol treatment BioYieldTM did not reduce WMV incidence but did show promise with TSWV. Previous work suggested biocontrol was not effective against Potyviruses but was effective with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The effect on TSWV may be similar to that of CMV. These findings fit well with IPM practices and may be used to reduce pesticide applications |
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