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Funded Project |
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Funding Program:
Regional IPM Grants (S-RIPM) |
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Project Title:
Integrated management of bacterial speck and bacterial spot on tomato |
Project Directors (PDs):
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Lead State: FL Lead Organization: University of Florida |
| Research Funding: $121,779 |
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Start Date: Sep-01-2006 End Date: Aug-31-2008 |
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Pests Involved: bacterial spot |
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Site/Commodity: tomato |
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Summary:
Tomato is the most significant vegetable crop in the southern U.S totaling more than 1.34 billion dollars in farm gate value. Much of the production takes place in the state of Florida. In Florida, bacterial spot and wilt are responsible for many of the losses in fresh market tomato production. Based on a needs-assessment survey for tomato IPM carried out by multidisciplinary IPM teams from seven states in the southeastern U.S., bacterial spot of tomato was identified as a major problem by more than 66.7 % of the respondents from Florida and South Carolina. Bacterial speck has also been reported to cause serious losses in KY, NC, SC and TN. Bacterial spot, incited by several species will be referred to in this proposal for convenience as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The bacterium consists of three races and is a major problem during periods of high temperature and moisture. Bacterial speck, incited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, can be a devastating disease when cool temperatures and moisture are present. Inducers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) have been shown to significantly reduce bacterial diseases in tomato, but using current application practices, yield reductions have been observed. In this research project, we will use several strategies to develop integrated management of two important bacterial diseases: bacterial speck, and bacterial spot of field grown fresh market tomatoes in the southeastern US. The objectives of this proposal are: (1) to optimize integrated management of bacterial speck and bacterial spot with SAR inducers which have limited effects on plant yield by: (a) identifying resistant lines to determine if reduced rates of Actigard can be applied to enhance disease control without affecting yield in field experiments; (b) comparing the effects of modified application strategies of the SAR inducer, Actigard, in combination with bacteriophages; (2) to evaluate Kasugamycin (Arvesta Corporation) for Management of Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck by: (a) screening isolates of Xcv and Pst for sensitivity to Kasugamycin in vitro; and (b) evaluating efficacy of Kasugamycin applications for management of bacterial spot and bacterial speck in greenhouse and field trials.; and (3) to combine the best management strategies in objectives 1 and 2 for bacterial spot and bacterial speck in field experiments.
Objectives: The objectives of this proposal are: (1) to optimize integrated management of bacterial speck and bacterial spot with SAR inducers which have limited effects on plant yield by: (a) identifying resistant lines to determine if reduced rates of Actigard can be applied to enhance disease control without affecting yield in field experiments; (b) comparing the effects of modified application strategies of the SAR inducer, Actigard, in combination with bacteriophages; (2) to evaluate Kasugamycin (Arvesta Corporation) for Management of Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck by: (a) screening isolates of Xcv and Pst for sensitivity to Kasugamycin in vitro; and (b) evaluating efficacy of Kasugamycin applications for management of bacterial spot and bacterial speck in greenhouse and field trials.; and (3) to combine the best management strategies in objectives 1 and 2 for bacterial spot and bacterial speck in field experiments. |
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Final Report: |
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Results From report submitted by the PI to USDA CRIS report system PROGRESS: 2006/09 TO 2009/08 OUTPUTS: Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a plant activator known to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), has demonstrated an ability to manage a number of plant diseases including bacterial spot on tomato caused by four distinct Xanthomonas species. ASM was applied biweekly (once every two weeks) as a foliar spray at a constant concentration of 12.9, 64.5, and 129 micromolar throughout four field experiments during 2007-2008. A standard copper program and an untreated control were also included. Overall, biweekly applications of ASM did not significantly reduce disease development or the final disease severity of bacterial spot as compared to the copper-mancozeb standard or the untreated control. Only one experiment showed a significant reduction in the final disease severity on plants treated with ASM at 129 micro molar in comparison to the untreated control. Three additional field trials conducted during 2009-2010 to evaluate the effects of weekly and biweekly applications of ASM at concentrations ranging from 30.3-200 micromolar found that weekly applications provided significantly better disease control than biweekly applications. Moreover, regression analysis suggested that weekly applications of ASM at 100-150 micromolar resulted in optimum field efficacy. While the tomato yields were not statistically improved with the use ASM relative to the untreated control and standard copper program, weekly ASM applications tended to have less impact on average yields than biweekly applications. These results indicate that weekly ASM applications at rates as low as 75 micromolar (equivalent to 1.58 g a.i./ha in 100 liters of water or 0.21 oz a.i./A in 100 gallons of water) to 150 micromolar (equivalent to 3.15 g a.i./ha in 100 liters of water or 0.42 oz a.i./A in 100 gallons of water) were effective to manage bacterial spot of tomato while minimizing potential yield effects. PARTICIPANTS: Jeffrey B. Jones, PI and M. T. Momol, Co-PI supervised the entire project. Dr. Aimin Wen was a post-doctoral associate on this project and performed all the field and greenhouse tests. Dr. Stephen Olson was a collaborator on the project and supervised much of the work at NFREC in Quincy, Florida. J. F. L. Figueiredo, B. Balogh, and F. Behlau were responsible for field tests in Citra, Florida at the research center. TARGET AUDIENCES: UF/IFAS web sites were used to disseminate this information and extension fact sheets were prepared to communicate the results with extension faculty, consultant and tomato producers in Florida, Southeastern US, Caribbean and other international locations. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: There were no major changes that occurred during the project. IMPACT: 2006/09 TO 2009/08 Actigard combined with reduced copper plus mancozeb treatments were used in Florida as the best approach to reduce the severity of bacterial spot on tomatoes. Overall, results consistently indicated that weekly applications of ASM significantly outperformed biweekly applications in reducing disease progress and the final severity of bacterial spot. Optimizing the application frequency and rate of ASM may improve the overall effectiveness of ASM when used alone or in combination with other strategies to manage bacterial spot of tomato, while also improving the economics and possibly minimizing the risk of yield reductions often observed in ASM trials and by growers. Results of the experiment were presented in several local, state, national and international meetings. UF/IFAS web sites were used to disseminate this information and extension fact sheets were prepared to communicate the results with extension faculty, consultant and tomato producers in Florida, Southeastern US, Caribbean and other international locations. PUBLICATIONS (not previously reported): 2006/09 TO 2009/08 Huang, C., G. E. Vallad, Sh. Zhang, A. Wen, B. Balogh, J. F. L. Figueiredo, F. Behlau, J. B. Jones, M. T. Momol, and S. M. Olson. 2011. The effect of application frequency and reduced rates of acibenzolar-S-methyl on the field efficacy of induced resistance against bacterial spot on tomato. Plant Disease (In press). |
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Outcomes N/A |
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Impacts From report submitted by the PI to USDA CRIS report system Actigard combined with reduced copper plus mancozeb treatments were used in Florida as the best approach to reduce the severity of bacterial spot on tomatoes. Overall, results consistently indicated that weekly applications of ASM significantly outperformed biweekly applications in reducing disease progress and the final severity of bacterial spot. Optimizing the application frequency and rate of ASM may improve the overall effectiveness of ASM when used alone or in combination with other strategies to manage bacterial spot of tomato, while also improving the economics and possibly minimizing the risk of yield reductions often observed in ASM trials and by growers. Results of the experiment were presented in several local, state, national and international meetings. UF/IFAS web sites were used to disseminate this information and extension fact sheets were prepared to communicate the results with extension faculty, consultant and tomato producers in Florida, Southeastern US, Caribbean and other international locations. |
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