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Funded Project

Funding Program: Regional IPM Competitive Grants - Northeastern

Project Title: Northeast Bugwood Node Expansion to Catalog Images for Use as Reference Tools by Diagnosticians and Extension Personnel

Project Director (PD):

Karen Snover-Clift [1]

Lead State:

Lead Organization: Cornell University

Undesignated Funding: $18,294

Start Date: Jul-01-2012

End Date: Jun-30-2013

No-Cost Extension Date: Jul-31-2014

Summary: This is an extension project. Having created a Bugwood-Cornell node with NEIPM funding in January of 2012, our objectives for next year are to increase the activity of the image submission through the Cornell node. The Cornell facilitator will train new parties interested in submitting images, will edit images for accuracy of content and quality of images, and will provide support to the University of Maine diagnostician as needed. Several collections at various universities in the Northeastern region need a repository for their images and personnel from these sites are actively pursuing information to develop content in the image library known as the Bugwood system. Our newly established node can provide support for submissions that may include the Maryland consumer horticulture collection, the Vermont animal science collection, and the herbarium and international agriculture collections at Cornell. Expansion of the Cornell node will provide much needed resources for diagnosticians and extension educators for use in educating clients and creating presentations. The facilitator will pursue images that include diagnostic features of endemic diseases, diseases of high significance, and foreign and select agent pathogens when possible, as well as quality views of culture plates, spores, and mycelia. The key to getting the images needed is the facilitator and his/her pursuit of valuable content. The IPM priorities covered by this grant include focusing on pests and crops found in multiple states, filling a niche not filled, involving multiple states and regions of the US, and is interdisciplinary.

Objectives: This project has one objective: To solicit, retrieve, assemble, enhance, upload and publish diagnostic images as an educational resource for diagnosticians, plant pathologists, entomologists and other IPM practitioners.

This will be accomplished through 3 key outputs:

Promoting use of the Bugwood-Cornell Node: The first key output provides the ability to submit images through a Bugwood node located at Cornell University. The node was created in 2011-2012 and provides an avenue for the publication of images to the IPMImages.org site. This node can be utilized by anyone in the Northeast region and the staff at Cornell will review, edit, and facilitate the submission to Bugwood. During the period of this grant, Cornell personnel will provide assistance to those wanting to upload their images to the database. Specifically Cornell personnel will work with Bruce Watt from the University of Maine, other members of the Northeast Plant Diagnostic Network (NEPDN), and Cornell faculty and staff to introduce them to the node and to provide them with the services in Outputs 2 and 3.
Anticipated Impact: The use of the Bugwood-Cornell node will allow for additional input to the Bugwood system and will facilitate continued contribution to the project beyond the end of the project.

Solicit, Retrieve, Assemble, and Enhance Images from Image Collections: Reviewing and enhancing images from many collections will allow us to pick out only those images we feel will contribute significantly to the BugwoodImages database. This will likely be the most time consuming portion of the project as determining what images are of value will be decided by reviewing NPDN significant pathogen lists, the USDA select agent listing, the Widely Prevalent listings, as well as consulting with researchers and extension educators and faculty about regional significant organisms, and searching through society documentation to determine if significant listings from the American Phytopathological Society (APS) and the Entomological Society of America (ESA), and others societies exist. Using Photoshop and other computer software, images will be enhanced to clean up any imperfections and manipulated to improve clarity and color quality. Our goal is to review 1,500 images from Cornell University faculty and staff and support the review of 1,000 images from the University of Maine. Other collections from other Northeastern region universities brought to our attention will be supported as time permits.
Anticipated Impact: The review and manipulation of images from various collections will enable us to define what images are of value and significance therefore, narrowing down the field of many images to those that we consider highly valuable and enhancing those of value to their finest condition.

Upload and Publication of Images from Image Collections: The third key output of this project is to add the reviewed and enhanced images to the IPMImages.org site. After the review process, images from the various collections will be added to the site. Of the images reviewed, we expect to add 750 images from Cornell University faculty and staff and 500 images from the University of Maine. Since these images are the most significant and are of high quality, we expect NPDN diagnosticians will have access to these images and permission to use them for creation of disease and pest factsheets, PowerPoint presentations, and NPDN SOPs and picture clues. Every image uploaded will be saved at multiple resolutions for use in different types of applications.
Anticipated Impact: The upload and publication of images from various Northeastern and beyond collections will provide diagnosticians, extension personnel, consultants, IPM practitioners and all green industry members an expanded resource of quality images of diseases, pests, and harmful organisms. The addition of these "cream of the crop" images will allow for quicker, more accurate identifications by diagnosticians and provide an expanded resource of images for use in publications.

Proposal

Interim Report: Jun-10-2014

Impacts
(Target Audience) The upload and publication of images from various collections at Cornell University and from the University of Maine is available to provide diagnosticians, extension personnel, consultants, IPM practitioners and all green industry members an expanded resource of quality images of diseases, pests, and harmful organisms. The addition of these "cream of the crop" images will allow for quicker, more accurate identifications by diagnosticians and provide an expanded resource of images for use in publications and presentations.

(and how results are disseminated?) The Bugwood program has a team that consistently reviews the image database and ensures the images are available to the public and specifically, our target audience of diagnosticians, extension personnel, consultants, IPM practitioners and all green industry members. Bugwood has gained the worthy reputation of the primary place to go when looking for good images to be used in educational materials and presentations. The number of hits, views and downloads tell the story of how our images are used and who knows the number of times viewed after they leave the Bugwood database in those printed materials and electronic formats.

(what to do next?) Continue to add images to the database for the next 12 months.

(any special circumstances?) An extension for 12 months was requested and granted. Some technical staff changes at both sites reduced the time of work on the project and the extension allows us to still deliver our goals.

Outcomes
Cornell Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology and our collaborator, Bruce Watt of the University of Maine were that main providers of images for this grant. Many of the images are microscopic views of plant pathogens that may aid diagnosticians in their identifications. During the first year of this grant, June 01, 2012-May 31, 2013, the images were viewed approximately 166,548 times during this time period. Also between June 2012 and May 2013, 420 images were requested for use from 147 individuals. Of those individuals, 123 used the images for educational purposes, 15 for commercial purposes and 9 for personal use.

During the second year extension of this grant, June 01, 2013-September 30, 2013, the images have been viewed approximately 76, 907 times during this time period. Also between June 2013 and September 2013, 156 images were requested for use from 46 individuals. Of those individuals, 35 used the images for educational purposes, 5 for commercial purposes and 6 for personal use.

From the beginning of our work on this project including the work done with the previous grant beginning in June of 2011, a total of 2,200 images have been submitted to the Bugwood website through the Cornell-node. The images covered 261 subjects and have been viewed 285,228 times. Of those, 645 images were requested for use by 256 individuals and of those 200 were used for educational purposes, 29 for commercial purposes, and 17 for personal use.

Some of the subjects included significant diseases such as chrysanthemum white rust, Japanese apple rust, garlic bloat nematode, pine wilt nematode, oak wilt, late blight, thousand cankers disease and boxwood blight. Microscopic specific images of plant pathogens included some topics such as clamp connections for Sclerotium rolfsii, cytosori of Spongospora subterranean, Synnemata of Graphium stage and Conidial head of synnema of Ophiostoma ulmi, Sporodochium of Volutella buxi, Chrysomyxa weirii spores, Peronospora sparsa sporangia, olive brown spores of Mycosphaerella dearnessii, full length view showing stylet Ditylenchus dipsaci, Uromyces appendiculatus teliospores, Peronospora belbahrii sporangia, mature ascus with ascospores of Nectria galligena, and vesicles of the fungus, Cylindrocladium buxicola, with diamond shaped tips.

Report Appendices

PDF

Final Report:

Impacts
The upload and publication of images from various collections at Cornell University and from the University of Maine is available to provide diagnosticians, extension personnel, consultants, IPM practitioners and all green industry members an expanded resource of quality images of diseases, pests, and harmful organisms. The addition of these cream of the crop images will allow for quicker, more accurate identifications by diagnosticians and provide an expanded resource of images for use in publications and presentations.

(and how results are disseminated?) The Bugwood program has a team that consistently reviews the image database and ensures the images are available to the public and specifically, our target audience of diagnosticians, extension personnel, consultants, IPM practitioners and all green industry members. Bugwood has gained the worthy reputation of the primary place to go when looking for good images to be used in educational materials and presentations. The number of hits, views and downloads tell the story of how our images are used and who knows the number of times viewed after they leave the Bugwood database in those printed materials and electronic formats.

(what to do next?) Project has been completed.

(any special circumstances?) An extension for 12 months was requested and granted. Some technical staff changes at both sites reduced the time of work on the project and the extension allows us to still deliver our goals.

Outcomes
Cornell Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology and our collaborator, Bruce Watt of the University of Maine were that main providers of images for this grant. Many of the images are microscopic views of plant pathogens that may aid diagnosticians in their identifications. During the first year of this grant, June 01, 2012-May 31, 2013, the images were viewed approximately 166,548 times during this time period. Also between June 2012 and May 2013, 420 images were requested for use from 147 individuals. Of those individuals, 123 used the images for educational purposes, 15 for commercial purposes and 9 for personal use.

During the second year extension of this grant, June 01, 2013- May 31, 2014, the images have been viewed approximately 437,088 times during this time period. Also between June 2013 and May 2014, 828 images were requested for use from 263 individuals. Of those individuals, 203 used the images for educational purposes, 20 for commercial purposes and 40 for personal use.

From the beginning of our work on this project including the work done with the previous grant beginning in June of 2011, a total of 3,515 images have been submitted to the Bugwood website through the Cornell-node. The images covered 812 subjects and have been viewed 623,270 times. Of those, 1,248 images were requested for use by 410 individuals and of those 326 were used for educational purposes, 35 for commercial purposes, and 49 for personal use.

Some of the subjects included significant diseases such as chrysanthemum white rust, Japanese apple rust, garlic bloat nematode, pine wilt nematode, oak wilt, late blight, thousand cankers disease and boxwood blight. Microscopic specific images of plant pathogens included some topics such as clamp connections for Sclerotium rolfsii, cytosori of Spongospora subterranean, Synnemata of Graphium stage & Conidial head of synnema of Ophiostoma ulmi, Sporodochium of Volutella buxi, Chrysomyxa weirii spores, Peronospora sparsa sporangia, olive brown spores of Mycosphaerella dearnessii, full length view showing stylet Ditylenchus dipsaci, Uromyces appendiculatus teliospores, Peronospora belbahrii sporangia, mature ascus with ascospores of Nectria galligena, and vesicles of the fungus, Cylindrocladium buxicola, with diamond shaped tips.

Report Appendices

PDF

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