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Funded Project |
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Funding Program:
Regional IPM Competitive Grants - Northeastern |
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Project Title:
Adapting Cultural Practices for Management of Arthropod & Nematode Onion Pests |
Project Directors (PDs):
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Lead State: NY Lead Organization: Cornell University |
| Research Funding: $68,500 |
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Start Date: Sep-01-1996 End Date: Dec-31-1998 |
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Pests Involved: onion maggots, northern root knot nematodes |
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Site/Commodity: onions |
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Area of Emphasis: cultural controls |
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Summary:
Onion is the most economically important vegetable crop in New York, and has a history of heavy dependence on pesticides. Two serious invertebrates, the onion maggot and the northern root know nematode, threaten this commodity yearly. This project will use greenhouse tests to determine the host status of several grasses including sudangrass, barley, wheat, rye, oats, Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass, and tall fescue to the nematode; and we will clarify the influence of these grasses and their green manures on the onion maggot. Those grasses that reduce these pests then will be compared as cover crops and windbreaks in commercial fields with the assistance of collaborating growers.
Objectives: The objectives and approaches for this project include: 1) assessing host efficiencies of selected grasses to nematodes in greenhouse experiments (April 1996-Sept. 1996); 2) determining effects of cover crops on nematode density in the greenhouse and over the winter in field microplot tests, as well as utilizing similar methods to clarify the influences of the grasses on onion maggot oviposition and larval survival (Oct. 1996-March 1997); and 3) evaluating the efficacy of selected cover crops and windbreaks on managing these pests in commercial onion fields (March 1997-April 1998). Outcomes and Impacts Summary from 2001 IPM Center report Onions are an economically important vegetable crop in New York, worth over $41 million annually. Grown on more than 3.5 million acres throughout the state, the crop has a history of heavy dependence on pesticides. Onion maggot and the northern root knot nematode are two of the pests that threaten this commodity each year. When surveys showed that damage by the nematode was increasing, Charles Eckenrode and colleagues explored whether certain grass species might effectively suppress the pests when used as cover crops and windbreaks in commercial onion fields. Their tests identified five grasses that would not serve as hosts for nematode and four that were nonhosts to onion maggot, suggesting that these grasses were good candidates for pest suppression. The researchers also learned that one of the grasses could be incorporated as a green manure to curb the nematode and its damage to onions and other vegetables. |
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